Miscellaneous Investigations 1801-1830

• [1800] Frederick Morton Eden. An estimate of the number of inhabitants in Great Britain and Ireland. London.
• [1807] Thomas Young (signed Hydrophilus) "Example of a Calculation in the Doctrine of Chances; a Tide Table; and Remarks on the breaking of Waves. In a Letter from a Correspondent," Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts. (Nicholson's) Vol. 18, pp. 116- 121.
• [1807] Daniel Boileau. An Essay on the Study of Statistics. This is a syllabus for lectures intended to assist the inquiries of inexperienced travelers.
• [1808] Opsimath. "Doubts respecting some of the received Doctrines of Chance. In a Letter from a Correspondent. Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts (Nicholson's) Vol. 21. pages 66-68.
  This is followed by a response "Some further Remarks on the Doctrine of Chance, in a Letter from a Correspondent. (B.H.) Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts (Nicholson's) Vol. 21  pages 121-124.
  The exchange continues with "Remarks on the Doctrine of Chance, in Answer to Opsimath, in a Letter from W. Saint, Esq."  Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts (Nicholson's) Vol. 21  pages 204-210.
  The matter is finally laid to rest by the editor with "Further Remarks on the Doctrine of Chance" by Opsimath.   Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts (Nicholson's) Vol. 21  pages 210-214. Included here are the comments by the editor.
  
• [1808] Nathaniel Bowditch. "Solution of Mr. Patterson's Prize Question for correcting a survey proposed in No. II, page 42, No. III. page 68." The Analyst; or Mathematical Museum 1.4 pp. 88-94. This may have prompted Adrain to write his article.
• [1808]  Robert Adrain "Research concerning the probabilities of the errors which happen in making observations, &." The Analyst or Math. Museum 1. pp. 93-109. This paper is difficult to locate, but was partially reprinted by Cleveland Abbe in the American Journal of Science (1871), Vol. 101, pp. 411-415 and in Mansfield Merriman A List of Writings Relating to the Method of Least Squares (1877),  pp. 163-165. This latter is an extract from The Transactions of the Connecticut Academy, Vol. IV, 1877.
• [1813] Francis Bailey. The Doctrine of Life-Annuities and Assurances.
  
• [1814] William Rouse  The Doctrine of Chances or the Theory of Gaming. This is a very elementary text that presents a short history of gambling instruments and of solves various problems concerning the games of Whist, dice, an interesting dice game called "The Game of Points", Lotteries, horse racing. It terminates with several miscellaneous problems and tables to assist the gambler.
• [1815] Joshua Milne. A treatise on the valuation of annuities and assurances on lives and survivorships. London.
• [1817] John Leslie. The philosophy of arithmetic...one hundred. Edinburgh. 2nd edition., enlarged (1820))
• [1817-18] Benjamin Gompertz. The principles and applications of imaginary quantities (Book I, to which are added some observations on porisms; and Book II, derived from a particular case of functional projections). London.
• [1818]  Robert Adrain "Investigation of the Figure of the Earth and of the Gravity in different Latitudes," Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., Vol. 1, pp. 119-135. This includes an application of the method of least squares to find a formula for the length of the seconds pendulum.
• [1818] Robert Adrain "Research concerning the mean diameter of the Earth," Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., Vol. 1, pp. 353-336.
• [1818] Adam Seybert. Statistical annals, embracing views of the populations, commerce, navigation, fisheries,... of the United States of America founded on official documents. Philadelphia.
• [1819] Thomas Young "Remarks on the probabilities of error in physical observations, and on the density of the earth, considered, especially with regard to the reduction of experiments on the pendulum.' Phil. Trans. for 1819, pp. 70-95. A portion of this article is devoted to the theory of errors. Also see Volume II of collected works.
• [1820] Benjamin Gompertz. "A sketch of an analysis and notation applicable to the value of life contingencies." Phil. Trans. 110, 214-94. (Errata (1825): 115, 584-5.)
• [1822] George Harvey. "On the Method of Minimum Squares, employed in the reduction of experiments, being a translation of the Appendix to an Essay of Legendre's entitled: 'Nouvelles Methodes pour la Determination des Orbites des Cometes,' with remarks." The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal 7, pp. 292- 301.
  
• [1823]  Charles Babbage. "An examination of some questions connected with games of chance". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. IX. Pages 153-177. The paper concerns the betting system known as the martingale. It was read March 21, 1820.
• [1825] Benjamin Gompertz. "On the nature of the function expressive of the law of human mortality; and on a new mode of determining the value of life contingencies. In a letter to Francis Bailey." Phil. Trans., 115, 513-83.
• [1825] James Ivory. "On the Method of Least Squares", Tilloch's Philosophical Magazine, Vol. LXV, pp. 3-10, 81-86, 161-168
• [1826] James Ivory, "On the Method of Least Squares", Tilloch's Philosophical Magazine, Vol. LXVIII, pp. 161-165.
  
• [1826] Thomas Young. "A formula for expressing the decrement of human life (in a letter addressed to Sir E.H. East, Bart, M.P. F.R.S.)" Phil. Trans., 116 (3), 281-303.
• [1827] Thomas Young (signed a Correspondent) "Practical Application of the Doctrine of Chances, as it regards the Subdivision of Risks," Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and the Arts 22, pp. 84-94. Also see Volume II of collected works.
• [1828] Dugald Stewart. On the calculus of probabilities, in reference to the preceding argument for the existence of God from final causes. The philosophy of the active and moral powers of man. (2 vol. Edinburgh & London), 2, pp. 107-19. Volume I and Volume 2.
• [1829] Samuel Bailey. Essays on the pursuit of truth, on the progress of knowledge and on the fundamental principle of all evidence and expectation. London.
• [1829] John Finlaison. Report of John Finlaison, Actuary of the National Dept., on the evidence and elementary facts on which the Tables of Life-Annuities are founded. (Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 31 March, 1829.)
  
• [1830] John William Lubbock and John Elliot Drinkwater-Bethune. On Probability. This work appeared as part of the Library of Useful Knowledge. It contains a discussion of inverse probability.
• [1830] J.W. Lubbock. ``On the calculation of annuities, and on some questions in the theory of chances." Read May 26, 1828. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Vol. 3, Part 1. Pages 141- 154 with several pages of life tables following.

Publications in French

See separate pages for Adrien-Marie Legendre, Simon Denis Poisson, and Joseph Fourier.

• [1801] Sébastien Antointe Parisot. L'art de conjecturer à la loterie. This is based on the Genoise lotto and the Lottery of Paris.
• [1801] C. Gardon. Antipathies des 90 nombres, probabilités et observations comparative, sur les loteries de France et de Bruxelles. Paris.
  
• [1801] Josef Niklas Windisch-Graetz.  Refutation of the errors of d'Alembert.  D'Alembert wrote extensively on what he thought were problems with the foundations of the theory. See also Niklaus Bernoulli and Daniel Bernoulli. 
  
• [1802]  Andre-Marie Ampere. Considerations sur la théorie mathématique du jeu. In this work, Ampere argues for the certainty of gambler's ultimate ruin. For English see Considerations of the mathematical theory of the game.
  
• [1804] Gaspar Riche de Prony. Recherches physico-mathématiques sur la théorie des eaux courantes. Paris.
• [1803] Daniel Encontre. "Mémoire sur la théorie des probabilités". Receuils Bulletin de Montpelier. Vol. 1. pp. 9-13. Encontre takes exception to the solutions presented by Cousin in his calculus text. He solves Mairan's  problem of even and odd and the division of stakes.
• [1803] Jacques Lablée. Des jeux de hasard au commencement du 19éme siècle. Paris.
• [1805] Daniel Encontre. "On différens Problèmes relatifs à la théorie des combinaisons". Recueil Bulletins Montpelier Vol. 2 pp. 68-76. This paper is in the form of a letter to an unknown Professor of Mathematics regarding the probability that the partners in the game of Sizette are seated contiguously. A description of the game may be found in the game section of the Encyclopédie Methodique attached to volume 3. This game is played by 6 people sitting in a circle. 
• [1805] Louis Puissant Traité de Géodésie, Volume 1, Volume 2. Second edition in 1819: Volume 1, Volume 2; Third edition in 1842: Volume 1, Volume 2.
• [1805] C. Gardon. Traité élémentaires des probabilités, etc. Paris.
  
• [1805] Jons Svanberg Exposition des opérations faites en Lapponie, pour la détermination d'un arc du méridien en 1801, 1802, et 1803,... (Stockholm)
• [1805] Denis François Donnant. Théorie élémentaire de la statistique. Paris.
  
• [1806-10] Jean Baptiste Delambre (ed.) Base du Systême Métrique Décimal, ou Mesure de l'Arc du Méridien Compris entre les Parallèlles de Dunkerque et Barcelone, Executée in 1792 et Années Suivantes, par MM. Méchain et Delambre. Vol. 1, 1806; Vol. 2, 1807; Vol. 3, 1810.
• [1810] Seb.-Ant. Parisot. Traité du calcul conjectural, ou l'art de raisonner sur les choses futures et inconnues. Paris.
  
• [1812]  François Corbaux. Essais métaphysiques et mathématiques sur le Hasard, Volume I The topic is the game of Twenty-one. The author promised to complete his work in a second volume but I have seen no evidence of it. 
• [1813] Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana  "Mémoire sur divers problèmes de probabilité".  Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences Turin, for the years 1811-1812, Pages 355-408. Plana concerned himself with the approximation of functions developed by Laplace in "Mémoire sur les approximations des formules qui sont fonctions de très-grands nombres," Mém. Acad. R. Sci. Paris, 1782 (1785), p. 1-88.
  
• [1813] Jean Baptiste Delambre. Abrégé d'Astronomie, ou Leçons Élémentaire d'Astronomie Théorique et Pratique. (Paris)
  
• [1813-14] Claude Louis Mathieu."Sur les expériences du pendule, faites par les navigateurs espagnols, en différens points du globe," Connaissance des Tems pour 1816, pp. 314-332.
  
• [1814-16] Charles Julien Brianchon. "Recherches sur un jeu des combinaisons" Correspondance sur École Royale Polytechnique 3 (Jan. 1814-Jan 1816), pp. 387-392. We have here a combinatorial magic trick.
  
• [1815-16] Joseph Diaz Gergonne. "Application de la méthode des moindres quarrés à l'interpolation des suites." Annales de mathématiques pures et appliquées 6 pp. 242-252.
  
• [1816] Sylvestre Lacroix. Traité élémentaire du calcul des probabilités.  This work follows the desire of Condorcet to introduce the applications of the theory to the social sciences in the schools. It includes Bernoulli's Theorem, development of inverse probability, treatment of annuities, and the analysis of testimony and decisions by electorate. 2nd edition 1822; 3rd ed. 1833; 4th ed. 1864. German translation 1818, Erfurt: von E.S. Unger.
  
• [1818] C.F. de Nieuport.  Un peu de tout, ou Amusemens d'un sexagénaire, depuis 1807 jusqu'en 1816 by . On pages 67 - 147the author engages in conversation with abbé on the nature of probability and an attempt to resolve the Petersburg Paradox. 
  
• [1820] C. F. de Nieuport. "Mémoire sur un cas de la théorie des probabilités au jeu". Nouveaux Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles. Vol. 1 (1789-1820) pages 89-99.
• [1820] James Smyll. Tactique des jeux de hasard. (Atlas) 2 parts.
  
• [1821-1822] Subscriber. "Probabilités. dissertation sur la recherche du milieu le plus probable, entre les résultats de plusieurs observations ou experiences". Annales de Mathématiques pures et appliquées,  T. 12,  pages 181-204. As the title indicates, this concerns the most probable mean. It investigates the various methods used to find it.
• [1821] G. Graberg de Hemsö. Théorie de la statistique. Trans. (1835): Theorie der Statistik. Aachen und Leipzig.
• [1824] Louis Puissant "Application de la methode la plus avantageuse à la determination de l'aplatissement du sphéroide osculateur en France, par le comparaison d'un arc de méridien avec un arc de paralléle." Férussac's Bulletin Sci. Math., vol. 1, pp. 271-274. Also "Supplément à la détermination des longitudes terrestres par les observations azimutales,"  Connaissances des Tems for 1827, pp. 230-232.
• [1825] Luis Marie Prospeu Coste. Des déviations ou de la probabilité du tir des projectiles. Paris.
  
• [1826] C. F. de Nieuport. "Mémoire sur une question relative au calcul des probabilités." Nouveaux Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles. Vol. 3, pages 141-152.
  
• [1827] A. Bourvard. "Mémoire sur les observations météorologiques, faites à l'Observatoire Royal de Paris," Mém. Acad. R. Sci. Inst. Fr. 7, pp. 267-343.
• [1828] Le Brun. Manuel des jeux de calcul et de hasard. (1832 edition.)
• [1828] R. Lobatto. "Additon à la solution du problème sur les valeurs moyennes des nombres." Corréspondance math. phys. (Bruxelles), 4, 233-4.
• [1828] Adolfe Quetelet. Instructions Populaires sur le calcul des probabilités. Bruxelles.
• [1828] Bobillier. Sur les valeurs moyennes des nombres. Corresp. Math. Phys. (Bruxelles), 4, 172-3.
  
• [1829] Antoine Augustin Cournot."Solution d'un problème d'analyse combinatoire," Bulletin des sciences mathématiques, physiques et chimiques. 11, pp. 93-97.
• [1829] L.R. Villermé. "Mémoire sur la taille de 'homme en France." Annales d'hygiène publique et de médicine légale 1. pp. 351-399.
• [1829] J.J. Weih. Traité des jeux de la Roulette et du Trente-un, ou de la Rouge et Noire. A Bade. (French and German)
  
• [1830] Louis-Benjamin Francoeur. Astronomie pratique: Usage et composition de la connaissance des tems.  See the section entitled "De la composition des formules astronomiques, et de la détermination des constantes; Équations de condition; Méthodes de Tobie Mayer et des moindres carrés," pp. 412-431. Ivory's proof is given.

• [1804] Johann Georg Meusel. Lehrbuch der Statistik. 4th edition.
• [1805] Franz Xavier von Zach. "Versuch einer auf Erfahrung gegrundeten Bestimmung terrestrischer Refractionen," Monatliche Corresponenz 11, pp 389-415, 485-504.
• [1805] Leopold Krug. Betrachtungen über den National-Reichum des preuzischen Staates. 2 vol. Berlin. Erster Theil und Zweiter Theil.
• [1805] Ignaz Niederhuber.Beiträge zur Kultur der medicinischen und bürgerlichen Bevölkerungs-Policei.
• [1806] Franz Xavier von Zach. "II Comet vom Jahr 1805." Monatliche Corresponenz 14, pp. 181-186.
  
• [1806] Kammer-Roth von Lindenau. "Über den Gebrauch der Gradmessungen zur Bestimmung der Gestalt der Erde. Monatliche Corresponenz 14, pp. 113-158. Application of Gauss' method of elimination to estimate elements and their probable errors.
  
• [1806] Hans Ernst von Globig. Versuch einer Theorie der Wahrscheinlichkeit, Vol. 1. This is a work on law.The first volume develops the theory. The second apparently suggests application toward correcting evidence.
• [1817] August Ferdinand Lueder. Kritische Geschichte der Statistik.
  
• [1818] Bernhard von Lindenau  "Versuch einer Bestimmung der wahrscheinlichsten Bahn des Cometen von 1680, mit Rücksicht auf die planetarischen Störungen während der Dauer seiner Sichtbarkeit,"  Zeitschrift für Astronomie, Vol. VI, pp. 27-120, 129-208.
• [1818]  Joseph Johann von Littrow "Ueber die gerade Aufsteigung der vornehmsten Fixsterne," Zeitschrift für Astronomie, Vol. VI, pp. 1-26.
• [1818] Joseph Johann von Littrow "Anwendung der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung auf geodätische Operationen von Laplace." Zeitschrift für Astronomie, Vol. V, pp. 2-24.
• [1818] Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana "Allgemeine Formeln, um nach der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate die Verbesserungen von 6 Elementen zu berechnen, und zugleich das jeder derselben zukommende Gewicht zu bestimmen. Zeitschrift für Astronomie und verwandte Wissenschaften 6, pp. 249-270.
• [1819] Magnus Georg von Paucker Ueber die Anwendung der methode der kleinsten Quadratssumme auf physikalischen Beobachtungen. Mitau, 32 pages. This was published as a Gymnasium Programme.  This paper concerns application of the method of least squares. The article 'Beobachtung' in Gehler's Physicalisches Wörterbuch 2nd ed. Vol. 1 (1825) pp. 884-912 contains material from 1823 Gauss and Paucker.
  
• [1819] Friedrich Wilhelm Tönnies. Philosophischer Versuch über die Wahrscheinlichkeit   with a forward by Karl Christian von Langsdorf. This is a translation the 3^rd edition of Laplace's  Essai Philosophique sur les probabilités.
• [1820-8] August Friedrich Wilhelm Crome. Geographisch-statistisch Darstellung der Staatskräfte von den sämtlichen, zum deutschen Staatenbunde gehörigen Ländern, mit einer grossen Verhältnisscharte von Deutschland. 4 Parts. Leipzig. I Theil, II Theil, III Theil, IV Theil.
• [1822] August Friedrich Wilhelm Crome. Handbuch der Statistik des Grossherszogthums Hessen. Part I. Darmstadt.
• [1822] Johann Franz Encke  Die Entfernung der Sonne von der Erde aus dem Venusdurchgange von 1761, (Gotha) pp. 179. Part II entitled  Der Venusdurchgang von 1769 .... (Gotha, 1824) pp. 112. The method of least squares is applied to the reduction of observations from the transit of Venus. Encke computes the most probable distance of the Sun from the Earth.
• [1822] Johann Helarich Elias Meyer. Allgemeine Anleitung zur Berechnung der Leibrenten und Anwartschaften. Kopenhagen. Erster Theil and Zweiter Theil.
  
• [1825] G.W. Muncke. "Beobachtung," Gehler's Physikalisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (Leipzig) Vol. 1, pp. 884-912.
• [1825] Johann Ludwig Casper II. Beiträge zur medicinischen Statistik und Staatsarzneikunde. 2 Bd. Berlin.
• [1827]  . "Über die Gesetze der Bevölkerung und Sterbleikeit oder die Verhältnisse des physischen Lebens der Einwohner Württembergs." Württembergische Jahrb. f. vaterlandische Geschichte, Georg. Statist. u. Topogr. 
  
• [1827] Rosenberger "Ueber die, auf Veraustaltung der französischen Academie, während der Jahre 1736 und 1737 im Schweden vorgenommene Gradmessung," Astron. Nachr., Vol. VI, col. 1-32. See Hansen (1831) and Abhandlungen von Bessel, Bd. III, pp. 16-19.
  
• [1827] ________ Uber die Theorie der Zuverlässigkeit Beobachtungen und Versuche und der von derselben abhängigen Bestimmungen des Mittels aus gegebenen Zahlen. (Berlin) Merrimann lists this anonymous work. This has not been found.
  
• [1827] Nürnberger. "Betrachtungen über die Methode der kleinsten Quadrate," Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Görlitz 1, pp. 22-31.
  
• [1828] Gustav Adolf Greisinger. "Berechnung der Vortheile des Banquiers im Pharaospiele." [Computation of the advantages to the Banker in the Game of  Pharaon] Zeitschrift für Physik und Mathematik 4, pages 210-227.
• [1830] C. von Riese. '[Eine Recension.]' Jahrbücher für Wissenschaftliche Kritik, 1 (1), col. 269-284. This is but a review of Gauss' memoirs Theoria combinationis and Supplementum theoriae. It includes a discussion of the method of Gauss.
• [1830] Carl Friedrich Hauber "Ueber die Bestimmung der Genauigkeit der Beobachtungen," Baumgartner's Zeitschrift für Physik und Mathematik 7, pp. 286-314.
• [1830] Carl Friedrich Hauber "Verallgemeinerung der Poisson'schen Untersuchungen über die Wahrscheinlichkeit der mittlern resultate der Beobachtungen in den Additions à la Connaiss. des tems de 1827," Zeitschrift für Physik und Mathematik 7, pp. 406-429.
• [1830-1832] Carl Friedrich Hauber "Theorie der mittleren Werth,"  Zeitschrift für Physik und Mathematik 8, pages 25-56 (sections 1-16), 147-178 (sections 17-27), 295-315 (sections 28 - 31), 443-455 (sections 32 - 34); Zeitschrift für Physik und Mathematik 9, pages 302- 322 (sections 35 - 37); Zeitschrift für Physik und Mathematik 10, pages 425 - 457 (sections 38 - 44).
• [1830] Peter Andreas Hansen Commentatio de gradus precisionis computatione. (Gotha) See "Darlegung einer neuen Methode, bei Anwendung der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate, die Gewichte der unbekannten Grössen zu berechnen," Astron. Nachr. 8, col. 463-468, and Encke in Berlin Astron. Jahrbuch for 1835, p. 297. He discusses the finding the weights of values determined by the method of least squares.
• [1831] Peter Andreas Hansen   "Darlegung einer neuen Methode, bei Anwendung der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate, der unbekannten Groössen zu berechnen," Astronomische Nachrichten 8, pp. 463-468. This paper is a simplification of Gauss' method of 1823 for computing weights. It differs from his 1830 paper. See also 1832 Encke.
• [1831] Peter Andreas Hansen  "Ueber die Anwendung der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung auf geodätische Vermessungen im Allgemein, und über die Maupertuis'sche Gradmessung. "  Astronomische Nachrichten 9, pp. 189-204, 237-252. Gauss' method of correlatives (1828) is used. He gives the algorithm in full and also introduces a new method.

• [1806] Francesco Mario Pagano. Logica de' probabili. Milano. The Bibliography of Statistics gives Napoli.
• [1808] Luca de Samuele Cagnazzi. Elementi dell' Arte Statistica. 2 parts. Parte seconda.
• [1808] Luca de Samuele Cagnazzi. Saggio sulla popolazione del Regno di Napoli. Naples.
• [1809] Melchiorre Giola. Indole, estensione e vantaggi della statistica.
• [1811] Giovanni  Angelo de Cesaris. "Sul limite degli errori probabili nelle osservazioni astronomiche." Milano, Effemeridi Astronomiche, pp. 102-111.
• [1818]  Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana "Soluzione generale di un problema di probabilità," Memorie di mathematica e di fisica della Società italiana delle Scienze Modena 18,1. pp. 31-45.
• [1819] Antonio Padovani. Introduzione alla scienza della statistica. Pavie. Primo Tomo 
  
• [1822] Paolo Ruffini. Riflessioni Critiche sopra il Saggio Filosofico intorno alle probabilità del Sig. C. Laplace fatte dal Dott. Paollo Ruffini Professore di Clinica Medica, di Medicina pratica, e di Mathematica applicata nella R. Università di Modena, Rettore della medesima, ec. Modena (1821) Nuovo Giornale de'Letterati 1, pp. 201-212. The topic is Laplace's Philosophical Essai.
  
• [1820] Luigi Rangoni. "Nuove considerazioni intorno ad un problema di probabilità," Memorie della Società Italiana della scienze Moderna, 18, Part 2, pp. 518-554.
• [1820, 1839] Luca de Samuele Cagnazzi. Saggio sulla popolazione del Regno di Puglia ne'passati tempi e nel presente. 2 parts. Napoli. Parte Prima and Parte Seconda.
  
• [1821] Dottor Paolo Ruffini. Riflessioni Critiche sopra Il Saggio Filosofico intorno alle probabilità del Sig. Conte Laplace  (Modena)
  
• [1821] Conte Pietro Abbati Marescotti. "Sopra un Problema die Signori Daniele Bernoulli e De la Grange." Memorie di matematica e di fisica della Società Italiana delle scienze, T. 19, pp. 385-480.
  
• [1822] Pietro Abbati Marescotti. "Sopra un Problema dei Signori Daniele Bernoulli, e de la Grange," Memorie della Società Italiana delle Scienze Modena 19 (fasic 2 matematica).  pp. 385-480.
  
• [1822] Giuseppe Bianchi. "Riflessioni Critiche sopra il Saggio Filosofico intorno alle probabilità del Signor Marchese LAPLACE fatte dal Dott. Paolo RUFFINI." Memorie di Religione, di Morale, e di Letteratura 1, pp. 57- 83, 181-209.
• [1824] Antonio Padovani. Delle scienze statistiche. Pavie.
• [1824] Antonio Quadri. Storia della statistica dalle sue origini sino alla fine del secolo XVIII... Prospetto Statistico delle Provincie Venete. Venice.
• [1827] G. Bravi. Teorica e pratica del probabile. 2 vol. Milano. 2nd ed. Tomo I (1840) and Tomo II (1840).
• [1829] Prospero Balbo. Saggi di aritmetica politica.
• [1829-30] Melchiorre Giola. Filosofia della statistica...opere dell'autore. 4 vols. Milano. Tomo Primo, Tomo Secondo, Tomo Terzo, Tomo Quarto.
  

• [1808] Giovanni Tamassia. Del fine delle Statistiche. 2 tabs. Milano.
• [1816] J.F. van Beeck-Calkoen. "Over de theorie den gemiddelde waardij uit ken zeker aantal grootheden of afzonderlwke waarnemingen," Verhandelingen der Eerste Klasse, Vol. 2. pp. 1- 19.
  
• [1819] Henr. Joh. Walbeck. Dissertatio de forma et magnitudine telluris, ex dimensis arcubus meridiani definiendis. Åbo, 8vo. The first discussions of several arcs of meridians by the method of least squares.
  
• [1821] Jöns Svanberg, "Om Roterande Systemers Principal-Axlar och Sannolikaste Medel-Resultatet af gifna Oservationer" Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar  pp. 388-408.
  
• [1824] Christianus G. Berlin Explanatio methodi quadratorum minimorum. Lundæ, 4to.
• [1824] Carolus Ferdinandus Degen. Tabularum ad faciliorem probabilitatis computationem utilem Enneas. Kiobenhavn.
• [1824] Juan Jose Martinez de Lejarza. Analisis estadistico de la Provincia de Michuagan en 1822. Mexico.
• [1827] Friedrich G.W. Struve. Catalogues novus stellarum duplicium et multiplicium ... telescopium achromaticum Fraunhoferi detectarum. Dorpati.